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# 一、元数据
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## 1.1 存储过程
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+ 查看所有存储过程
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```sql
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select distinct name From user_source where type = 'PROCEDURE'
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```
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+ 查看存储过程语句
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```sql
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SELECT text
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FROM user_source
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WHERE NAME = 'EXECUTE_JOB_FINANCE_SURVEY'
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ORDER BY line
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```
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## 1.2 表
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+ 查看所有表
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```sql
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# 查询当前用户
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select * from user_tab_comments where table_type='TABLE';
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# 查询所有用户,当前用户必须有sysdba权限
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select * from all_tab_comments
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```
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+ 查看表所有字段
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```sql
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SELECT
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COLUMN_NAME,
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DATA_TYPE
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FROM
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user_tab_columns
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WHERE
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table_name = 'DW_INFRASTRUCTURE_SURVEY'
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ORDER BY
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COLUMN_ID ASC;
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```
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+ 查看具体字段
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```sql
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SELECT
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COLUMN_NAME,
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DATA_TYPE,
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DATA_LENGTH,
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NULLABLE,
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DEFAULT_LENGTH,
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DATA_DEFAULT
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FROM
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user_tab_columns
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WHERE
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table_name = 'DW_INFRASTRUCTURE_SURVEY'
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AND COLUMN_NAME = 'STATISTICAL_TIME'
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ORDER BY
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COLUMN_ID ASC;
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```
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+ 查看字段及注释
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```sql
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SELECT
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b.COLUMN_NAME,
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a.COMMENTS,
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case when DATA_PRECISION is null and DATA_SCALE=0 and DATA_TYPE='NUMBER' then 'NUMBER(38,0)' when
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DATA_PRECISION is not null and DATA_SCALE>0 then 'NUMBER('||DATA_PRECISION||','||DATA_SCALE||')' when
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DATA_TYPE<>'DATE' then DATA_TYPE||'('||DATA_LENGTH||')' else DATA_TYPE end as DATA_TYPE_,
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b.NULLABLE,
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b.DATA_LENGTH,
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b.DEFAULT_LENGTH,
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b.DATA_DEFAULT,
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DATA_PRECISION,
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DATA_SCALE,
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b.COLUMN_ID,
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b.DATA_TYPE
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FROM
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user_col_comments a
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LEFT JOIN user_tab_columns b ON a.table_name = b.table_name
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AND a.COLUMN_NAME = b.COLUMN_NAME
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WHERE
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a.table_name = 'OA_VEHICLE_OIL_CHARGE'
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ORDER BY
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b.COLUMN_ID ASC
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```
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+ 修改表备注
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```
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# 表备注
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Comment on table DW_RE_PROGRESS_DETAIL is '项目进度-进度明细';
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# 字段备注
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comment on column Student.id is '学生id';
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comment on column Student.name is '学生姓名';
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```
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## 1.3 视图
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+ 查询当前用户所有视图
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```sql
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select * from user_tab_comments where table_type='VIEW'
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```
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+ 视图创建语句
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```sql
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select text from all_views where view_name='DW_SAFETY_RISK_LARG_QS_VW'
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```
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# 二、常用函数
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## 2.1 行转列、列转行
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+ pivot
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```sql
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--行转列
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select *
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from SalesList pivot(
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max(salesNum) for shangPin in ( --shangPin 即要转成列的字段
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'上衣' as 上衣, --max(salesNum) 此处必须为聚合函数，
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'裤子' as 裤子, --in () 对要转成列的每一个值指定一个列名
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'袜子' as 袜子,
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'帽子' as 帽子
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)
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)
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where 1 = 1; --这里可以写查询条件，没有可以直接不要where
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```
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```sql
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with hsb_stat as (select count(1) as num,'已完成重大污染物识别与评价项目' as item from SU_CHECK_ENVWATER_IMPL where STAT_ITEM_ID=110 and FINISH_STATUS=1 and PROJECT_ID=#{project_id}
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union
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select count(1) as num,'已完成环水保检测项目' as item from SU_CHECK_ENVWATER_IMPL where STAT_ITEM_ID=111 and FINISH_STATUS=1 and PROJECT_ID=#{project_id}
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union
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select count(1) as num,'已完成“三同时”落实情况项目' as item from SU_CHECK_ENVWATER_IMPL where STAT_ITEM_ID=112 and FINISH_STATUS=1 and PROJECT_ID=#{project_id}
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union
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select count(1) as num,'已完成环水保验收项目' as item from SU_CHECK_ENVWATER_IMPL where STAT_ITEM_ID=113 and FINISH_STATUS=1 and PROJECT_ID=#{project_id}
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union
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select nvl(sum(CHECK_COUNT),0) as num,'检查次数' as item from SU_CHECK_ENVWATER_IMPL where PROJECT_ID=#{project_id}
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union
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select nvl(sum(CHECK_ISSUE_COUNT),0) as num,'发现问题数' as item from SU_CHECK_ENVWATER_IMPL where PROJECT_ID=#{project_id}
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union
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select nvl(sum(RECTIFY_ISSUE_COUNT),0) as num,'整改完成' as item from SU_CHECK_ENVWATER_IMPL where PROJECT_ID=#{project_id})
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-- 重点
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select * from hsb_stat pivot(max(num) for item in (
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'已完成“三同时”落实情况项目' as santongshi,
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'已完成环水保检测项目' as hsjc，
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'已完成环水保验收项目' as hsys,
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'已完成重大污染物识别与评价项目' as zdwrw,
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'检查次数' as jccs,
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'整改完成' as zgwc,
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'发现问题数' as fxwts
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))
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```
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+ merge into 合并
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```sql
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MERGE INTO t1
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USING (SELECT id,name FROM t2) t2
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ON ( t1.id=t2.id)
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WHEN MATCHED THEN
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UPDATE SET T1.name= t2.name
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WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
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INSERT (id,name) VALUES (t2.id,t2.name);
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# 结合with
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MERGE INTO #TEMP1 A
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USING (
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WITH SUMORDER AS
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(SELECT PRODUCTID, SUM(AMOUNT) TOTAL
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FROM ORDER GROUP BY PRODUCTID)
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SELECT * FROM SUMORDER
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) B ON (A.PRODUCTID = B.PRODUCTID)
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WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET A.TOTAL = B.TOTAL;
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```
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## 2.2 日期时间
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+ 数据库最大的年月往前推12个月
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```sql
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SELECT
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TO_CHAR(
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ADD_MONTHS(
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TO_DATE( to_char( to_date( ( select max(DECLARE_PERIOD_YEAR_MONTH) from CRZ_NMG_WORKER_WAGE_BOND where project_id=600000000000000138 ), 'yyyy-MM' ), 'yyyy-MM' ), 'yyyy-MM' ),
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ROWNUM - 12
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),
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'yyyy-MM'
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) AS MONTHLIST
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FROM
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DUAL CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 12
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```
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+ 指定月份的前N个月
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```sql
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-- 获取2020-06的后5个月（2020-11）
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SELECT TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(to_date('2020-06','yyyy-MM'),5),'YYYY-MM') FROM dual;
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-- 获取2020-06的前3个月（2020-03）
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SELECT TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(to_date('2020-06','yyyy-MM'),-3),'YYYY-MM') FROM dual;
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```
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+ 返回指定日期当月的最后一天
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```sql
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SELECT SYSDATE,last_day(SYSDATE) FROM dual;
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```
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## 2.3 窗口函数
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+ over()
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```
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# 累加
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sum(COLLECT_BOND_AMOUNT) over ( ORDER BY DECLARE_PERIOD_YEAR_MONTH desc)
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# 分组累加
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sum( DESIGN_AMOUNT ) over ( partition BY PROJECT_ID order by DESIGN_AMOUNT desc)
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# 在按部门划分的基础上，工资从高到低分级，级别RANK从1开始依次递增
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RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY E.DEPTNO ORDER BY E.SAL DESC) RANK
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# 记录后第N条
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LEAD(E.SAL, 1, 0) OVER(PARTITION BY E.DEPTNO ORDER BY E.SAL) LEAD_SAL
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# 记录前面第N行记录
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LAG(E.SAL, 1, 0) OVER(PARTITION BY E.DEPTNO ORDER BY E.SAL) LAG_SAL
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# 取行号
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ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY E.DEPTNO ORDER BY E.SAL) ROW_NUM
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# 统计某组中的总计值
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SUM(E.SAL) OVER(PARTITION BY E.DEPTNO) SUM_SAL
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# 统计某组中的平均值
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AVG(E.SAL) OVER(PARTITION BY E.DEPTNO) AVG_SAL
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# 按某列分组，并统计该组中记录数量
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COUNT(E.SAL) OVER(PARTITION BY E.DEPTNO) COUNT_SAL
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```
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## 2.4 自定义函数
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+ md5
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```
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION MD5(
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passwd IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
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retval varchar2(32); BEGIN
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retval := utl_raw.cast_to_raw(DBMS_OBFUSCATION_TOOLKIT.MD5(INPUT_STRING => passwd)); RETURN retval; END;
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select md5(123231132) from dual;
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```
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## 2.5 递归
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```sql
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SELECT ID,SUPER_ID,NAME_,CODE,
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sys_connect_by_path(NAME_,'->') namepath,
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LEVEL
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FROM IDM_ENUM_CATEGORY
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START WITH NAME_='云南省'
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CONNECT BY PRIOR ID=SUPER_ID
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```
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## 2.6 对象信息已锁定
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```sql
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-- 查询被锁表
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SELECT owner,table_name,stattype_locked FROM DBA_TAB_STATISTICS a WHERE a.stattype_locked IN ('ALL','DATA','CACHE');
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-- 解锁
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EXEC dbms_stats.unlock_table_stats(ownname => 'JTT_CRM',tabname => 'SECTION_DETAIL_USER');
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-- 生成结果存储过程（双引号换成单引号）
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select 'exec dbms_stats.unlock_table_stats("'||user||'","'||table_name||'");' from user_tab_statistics where stattype_locked IN ('ALL','DATA','CACHE');
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```
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## 2.7 创建唯一索引
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```sql
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create unique index gd_person_edu_uniq on GD_PERSON_EDU(PERSON_ID,EDU_,EDU_CODE,EDU_TYPE,EDU_TYPE_CODE);
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``` |
