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![[Pasted image 20231201224140.png]]
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Go项目(project)一般有两类：library和executable。library是以构建库为目的的Go项目，而executable则是以构建二进制可执行文件为目的的Go项目。
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+ library对应上图的package
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+ executable对应上图的command
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## 1.1 basic package 基本库
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```text
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project-root-directory/
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├── go.mod
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├── modname.go
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└── modname_test.go
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或
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project-root-directory/
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├── go.mod
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├── modname.go
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├── modname_test.go
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├── auth.go
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├── auth_test.go
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├── hash.go
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└── hash_test.go
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```
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你的代码要依赖该module，直接通过下面import语句便可以将该module导入：
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```text
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import "github.com/someuser/modname"
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```
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## 1.2 package with supporting packages 库库调用
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稍复杂或规模稍大的一些package类项目，会将很多功能分拆到supporting packages中，并且通常项目作者是不希望导出这些supporting packages的，这样这些supporting packages便可以不作为暴露的API的一部分，后续重构和优化起来十分方便，对package的用户也是无感的。这样Go官方建议将这些supporting packages放入[internal目录](https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//tonybai.com/2015/07/10/some-changes-in-go-1-5/)
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```text
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project-root-directory/
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├── go.mod
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├── modname.go
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├── modname_test.go
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└── internal/
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├── auth/
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│ ├── auth.go
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│ └── auth_test.go
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└── hash/
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├── hash.go
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└── hash_test.go
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```
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modname.go或modname_test.go可以通过下面导入语句使用internal下面的包：
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```text
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import "github.com/someuser/modname/internal/auth"
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```
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## 1.3 multiple packages 多库
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作为一个库项目，作者可能要暴露不止一个package，可能是多个packages。这不会给Go项目目录布局带来过多复杂性，我们只需多建立几个导出package的目录就ok了。下面是一个multiple packages的示例：
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```text
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project-root-directory/
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├── go.mod
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├── modname.go
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├── modname_test.go
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├── auth/
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│ ├── auth.go
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│ ├── auth_test.go
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│ └── token/
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│ ├── token.go
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│ └── token_test.go
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├── hash/
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│ ├── hash.go
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│ └── hash_test.go
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└── internal/
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└── trace/
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├── trace.go
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└── trace_test.go
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```
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我们看到这个示例在repo(以托管在[http://github.com/user/modname](https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//github.com/user/modname)下为例)顶层放置了多个导出包：
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```text
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github.com/user/modname
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github.com/user/modname/auth
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github.com/user/modname/hash
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```
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并且顶层的auth目录下还有一个二级的导出包token，其导入路径为：
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```text
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github.com/user/modname/auth/token
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```
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## 2.1 basic command 基本项目
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```text
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project-root-directory/
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├── go.mod
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└── main.go
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或
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project-root-directory/
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├── go.mod
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├── main.go
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├── auth.go
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├── auth_test.go
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├── hash.go
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└── hash_test.go
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```
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从示例我们可以看到，basic command类项目的repo下面只可构建出一个可执行文件，main函数放在main.go中，其他源文件也在repo根目录下，并同样放在main包中。
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## 2.2 command with supporting packages 项目调库
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```text
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project-root-directory/
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├── go.mod
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├── main.go
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└── internal/
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├── auth/
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│ ├── auth.go
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│ └── auth_test.go
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└── hash/
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├── hash.go
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└── hash_test.go
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```
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和package with supporting packages不同的是，main.go使用的包名为main，这样Go编译器才能将其构建为command。
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## 2.3 multiple commands 多项目
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```text
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project-root-directory/
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├── go.mod
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├── prog1/
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│ └── main.go
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├── prog2/
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│ └── main.go
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└── internal/
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└── trace/
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├── trace.go
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└── trace_test.go
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```
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这个示例将每个command放置在一个单独的目录下(比如prog1、prog2等)，supporting packages和之前的建议一样，统一放到internal下面。这样我们可以通过下面步骤来编译command：
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```text
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$go build github.com/someuser/modname/prog1
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$go build github.com/someuser/modname/prog2
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```
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command的用户通过下面步骤可以安装这些命令
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```text
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$go install github.com/someuser/modname/prog1@latest
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$go install github.com/someuser/modname/prog2@latest
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```
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## 3.1 packages and commands 库与项目混合
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在同一个项目下面，既有多个可导出的packages，又有多个commands。下面是一个此类复杂项目的示例
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```text
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project-root-directory/
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├── go.mod
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├── modname.go
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├── modname_test.go
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├── auth/
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│ ├── auth.go
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│ ├── auth_test.go
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│ └── token/
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│ ├── token.go
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│ └── token_test.go
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├── hash/
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│ ├── hash.go
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│ └── hash_test.go
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├── internal/
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│ └── trace/
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│ ├── trace.go
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│ └── trace_test.go
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└── cmd/
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├── prog1/
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│ └── main.go
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└── prog2/
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└── main.go
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```
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为了区分导出package和command，这个示例增加了一个专门用来存放command的cmd目录，prog1和prog2两个command都放在这个目录下。这也是Go语言的一个惯例
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可以参考[GitHub - go-nunu/nunu: A CLI tool for building Go applications.](https://github.com/go-nunu/nunu/tree/main) 项目
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